Revision of Literature Review and Introduction

Purpose: The purpose of this assignment is to revise the introduction and literature review of your academic argumentative research paper, which you created a draft of in Unit IV.

Description: In this assignment, you will revise the introduction and literature review that you wrote for the Unit IV assignment. Revisions must be substantive and should be made in accordance with the professor’s instructions. The following parts of the assignment must be revised:

• Introduction (9-12 well-developed sentences/approximately 350 words): For more details about what is expected for each of the following sentences, please see “Lesson 4: The Introduction.” You may also want to review the “Example Introduction and Literature Review (with comments).” The following components must be included in the introduction (in the following order).
  • Sentence 1: Introduce the general topic
  • Sentence 2: Pro side (general)
  • Sentence 3: Con side (general)
  • Sentence 4: Narrow the scope (1)
  • Sentence 5: Examples of the narrowed topic
  • Sentence 6: Narrow the scope (2)
  • Sentence 7: Specific controversy
  • Sentence 8: Pro side (specific)
  • Sentence 9: Con side (specific)
  • Sentence 10: The thesis
• Literature Review (900 words): For details about the structure of the literature review, you will want to review “Lesson 3: The Literature Review: The Process.” You may also want to review the “Example Introduction and Literature Review (with comments).” The link is below.
  • Literature review preface: This paragraph acts as a guide to what the reader can expect in the literature review.
  • Literature review body: This section includes three to four body paragraphs that discuss the history, terminology, and both sides of the controversy (pro and con).
  • Literature review conclusion: The conclusion signals that the literature review is ending, but it also acts as a kind of preface for the body of the paper by restating the thesis statement and establishing your argument once again.
• Demonstrate the avoidance of plagiarism through proper use of APA citations and references for all paraphrased and quoted material.
• Implement techniques of editing and revising.

Note: The conclusion is not presented in this example; however, the literature review conclusion is a requirement of the assignment.

• You can use my project topic as a guide to do the Revision of Literature Review and Introduction No Plageriasm no copy. Same topic different words.
• My project Topic is about ” role of education and awareness in the management of cyber threats”
• Below is my Draft of Introduction and Literature Review Same topic but use different words.

• Role of Education and Awareness in the Management of Cyber ThreatsComputers and the internet are now part and parcel of any organization. Businesses, individuals, and governments depend on this data to gain competitive advantages over others in today’s world. The introduction of computer networks, the internet, and telecommunication devices have played a critical role in bridging the communication barriers across millions of people. For organizations, the digital space has reduced communication barriers between people, improved overall productivity, and simplified manufacturing processes through technology to solve complex problems. However, with these technologies in place, security over the internet is becoming an inevitable aspect requiring attention. Currently, there exist numerous security aspects and several applications such as securing cross-border eCommerce transactions communications and protecting passwords. By 2025, the cost of cyber threats would skyrocket by about 15 percent to 10.5 trillion dollars per year (Morgan, 2021). This cost represents the destruction of business reputation, data destruction, lost money, low productivity, loss of financial data, and the theft of the company’s intellectual property rights (IPR). Cyber threats are prevalent today due to the lack of education and awareness programs, as users tend to ignore even the most basic security practices. With all these at stake, education and awareness programs should be prioritized to help organizations, governments, and individuals manage cybersecurity threats and secure their systems.Education and awareness programs play a critical role in minimizing cyber threats. Adopting these programs educate the public on managing cyber threats. Security experts worldwide have been at the forefront of implementing cybersecurity awareness in organizations to minimize threats. Most have argued that education and awareness are the best approaches to managing attacks. It promotes knowledge sharing with the public to ensure they know the necessary safety measures to counter cyber-attacks. Despite support from industry experts, opponents seem to argue that most cybersecurity education programs are rote learning. Therefore, they are not allowing users to think and apply the various security concepts. Hence, these programs fail to support organizational security awareness, making it ineffective for users to manage cyber threats. Therefore, this paper seeks to present an argument on the role of education and awareness in addressing cyber threats.Thesis Statement: Education and awareness is the best approach to managing attacks as it promotes knowledge sharing with the public to ensure they are aware of the necessary safety measures to counter cyber-attacks.Literature ReviewThe literature review section tries to establish the familiarity and understanding of the current research. In this section, I present what research has already been done on the history, the terminologies, and the controversy related to the role of education and awareness in the management of cyber threats.The adoption of the internet and technology has significantly increased over a couple of years ago. The ushering in the computer age era has developed an increasing interest in critical data sets, which can now be easily stored and analyzed. Computers and the internet are now part and parcel of any organization. Businesses, individuals, and governments depend on this data to gain competitive advantages over others in today’s world. According to Kudjo et al. (2017), the introduction of computer networks, the internet, and telecommunication devices have played a critical role in bridging the communication barriers across millions of people. Besides, quintillions of data are in circulation amongst digital users, and this trend is not stopping any time soon. Currently, we can see a massive population of people engaging in online businesses, purchases, learning, and even working through the internet. However, as data becomes a critical asset today, the security of this data has become an inevitable issue for organizations, businesses, and governments to deal with. Individuals, organizations, or governments possess data that is open to cyber-attacks. Common examples of organizations that have been affected by cyber-attacks include Target Corporation, Yahoo, Alibaba, LinkedIn, and Facebook, among others. All these data breaches were costly to respective organizations. Therefore, this creates the need to find effective approaches to dealing with these threats.Examples of the organizations that were attacked contained sensitive information on their systems and websites that needed protection. In a research carried out by Carlton et al. (2019), approximately 95 percent of all security attacks involve human error. Numerous attacks from external attackers on any organization or a country occur by preying on the existing human weaknesses who unwillingly or without knowledge provide them easy access to sensitive information. In the case of the Target Data Breach, hackers sent malicious links via email to Fazio employees who opened the links, giving them access to Target Corporation’s Systems. Besides, in the same example, the company’s security experts deactivated its core security software (FireEye), failing to prevent unauthorized attacks on its infrastructure. Again, the research conducted by () indicated that 59 percent of the respondents agreed that most cyber threats are directly a result of innocent mistakes from the employees rather than malicious abuse of privileges. Cyber-attacks are attempts of disabling computers, steal data, or using breached data to launch attacks through the network. Hackers often utilize numerous techniques such as malware, phishing, ransomware, and man-in-the-middle attacks to gain unauthorized access to computer systems and websites. Therefore, users must be educated and trained to be aware of these types of attacks and the techniques hackers use to attack. Education and awareness primarily seek to turn human knowledge into a course of action to minimize cyber threats. Education and awareness are done by mobilizing people through clear messages and supported with detailed information that helps individuals and businesses understand the set of actions that can be taken to reduce the risks of cyber threats. Thus, education and awareness play a critical role in minimizing cyber threats.Addressing cyber threats worldwide requires paying attention to education and awareness to understand these threats and how to manage them. As Phillips & Tanner (2019) opines, understanding how cyber threats occur in businesses and within our social environment ensures that local citizens and institutions can protect themselves from attacks by considering numerous cyber security countermeasures. Education and awareness is the best approach to managing attacks as it promotes knowledge sharing with the public to ensure they are aware of the necessary safety measures to counter cyber-attacks (Zwilling et al., 2019). Therefore, proponents are calling for cyber security education and awareness programs to be tailored towards addressing the policies and needs of a specific organization. Proponents also argue that employees that have received proper education and awareness on cyber security are more likely to understand the basic security measures to manage attacks. Some of these essential practices, such as creating complex passwords, differentiating suspicious emails from genuine emails, and updating software, are critical in reducing the chances of being hacked. Therefore, they will be better positioned to make timely decisions whenever they encounter a cyber-security threat as they perform their daily duties. Despite receiving support from experts, opponents argue that with the threats rapidly evolving, it is challenging to educate both businesses and individuals on stopping such attacks (Fredette, 2018). Besides, they argue that cyber threats occurrence is irregular. According to Cone et al. (2007), most cybersecurity education programs are rote learning. Therefore, they are not allowing users to think and apply the various security concepts. Hence, these programs fail to support organizational security education and training, making it ineffective for users to manage cyber threats. Again, opponents argue that conducting cyber security education and awareness programs does not translate into immediate behavior changes. Since change is often challenging, employees will require ongoing educational programs, highly interactive training through videos, rewards, and setting key objectives to support the organization’s security initiatives effectively.In conclusion, education and awareness play a critical role in managing cyber-attacks. However, due to advancements in technology, hackers are using more advanced methods of attacks, which can go unnoticed for a very long time. Therefore, prioritizing education and awareness as the primary strategy for managing cyber threats could not evade cyber threats. Education and awareness is the best approach to managing attacks as it promotes knowledge sharing with the public to ensure they are aware of the necessary safety measures to counter cyber-attacks.
  ReferencesCarlton, M., Levy, Y., & Ramim, M. (2019). Mitigating cyber-attacks through the measurement of non-IT professionals’ cybersecurity skills. Information & Computer Security.Cone, B. D., Irvine, C. E., Thompson, M. F., & Nguyen, T. D. (2007). A video game for cyber security training and awareness. Computers & security, 26(1), 63-72.Fredette, C (2019). Cybersecurity Education: Why Universities are missing the Mark. Cybint Solutions. https://www.cybintsolutions.com/cybersecurity-education-why-universities-are-missing-the-mark/Kudjo, P. K., Wornyo, D. K., & Ocquaye, E. N. N (2017). Importance of Information Security Education and Awareness in Ghana. Communications, 6, 30-35.Morgan, S. (2020). Cybercrime To Cost The World $10.5 Trillion Annually By 2025. Cybercrime Magazine. Retrieved 21 February 2022, from https://cybersecurityventures.com/cybercrime-damages-6-trillion-by-2021/.Phillips, R., & Tanner, B. (2019). Breaking down silos between business continuity and cyber security. Journal of business continuity & emergency planning, 12(3), 224-232.Zwilling, M., Lesjak, D., Natek, S., Phusavat, K., & Anussornnitisarn, P. (2019, May). How to deal with the awareness of cyber hazards and security in (Higher) education. In Thriving on future education, industry, business and society. Proceedings of the Makelearn and TIIM International Conference (pp. 433-439).